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人类能自主控制自己的行为,这被视为自由、反思和道德责任的基础。但这种感受是否真实呢?当前的“认知革命”有不同于传统哲学的发现。自主意识在时间上是滞后的,在结构上也不一定处于支配地位,它是心灵建构的一种幻象。但这一幻象并非毫无意义,自主的意识之所以在人类演化中产生,可能因为其便于认知,能为人的行动节省资源。总之,实验导向的认知科学可能会修正一些重大的哲学命题,但修正不等于颠覆,其方法论上的局限亦值得注意。
Human beings can control their own behavior autonomously, which is regarded as the basis of freedom, reflection and moral responsibility. But is this feeling true? The current “cognitive revolution ” is different from the discovery of traditional philosophy. Self-consciousness lags behind in time and is not necessarily structurally dominant. It is an illusion of spiritual construction. However, this illusion is not meaningless. The reason why autonomous consciousness arises in the evolution of mankind may be that it saves resources for human actions because it is easy to recognize. In short, experimental-oriented cognitive science may correct some major philosophical propositions, but the revision does not amount to subversion. Its methodological limitations are also noteworthy.