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目的:通过调查与研究2008年的麻疹疫情,为此次疫情提供有效的应对措施,为长期控制兵团麻疹流行提供决策依据。方法:通过网络直报实时追踪监测、现场流行病学调查及回顾性调查等方法获得数据并进行流行病学分析。结果:证实兵团2008年发生了麻疹的爆发流行;共发生1037例麻疹新发病例,发病率男性多于女性;城市与农场总发病率接近,但城市、人口密集区及流动人口首先发病并向农场扩散;疫情呈现低年龄组儿童和婚育高峰年龄组人群两个密切相关的高峰发病年龄段;疫情发病高峰提前且迅速达到较高强度;控制措施效果显著使发病人数下降较快、没出现第二个流行高峰,病死率较低。兵团麻疹免疫接种常规免疫接种率较高,但存在免疫空白人群和薄弱环节,实验室诊断病例比例低、缺乏对接种效果的评价研究。结论:加强对重点地区儿童的查漏补种,适时开展强化免疫接种,应开展免疫学研究与效果评价。
OBJECTIVE: To provide an effective response to the outbreak by investigating and studying the measles epidemic in 2008, and to provide a basis for decision-making on the long-term control of the Corps’s measles epidemic. Methods: Data were collected and analyzed by real-time follow-up monitoring, field epidemiological investigation and retrospective investigation. Results: It was confirmed that the outbreak of measles occurred in 2009 in Corps. A total of 1037 new measles cases were reported, with a higher incidence of males than females. The overall incidence rates in cities and farms were similar, but urban areas, densely populated areas and migrants were the first to develop The epidemic showed two closely related peak incidence age groups in the children of the low age group and the age group of marriage and childbirth; the peak of the epidemic peak came earlier and reached a higher intensity rapidly; the effect of the control measures significantly decreased the incidence of the disease and did not occur The second most popular peak, mortality is low. Corps measles immunization routine immunization rate is high, but there are immunization gaps and weak links, the proportion of laboratory diagnosis of low cases, the lack of evaluation of vaccination effect. Conclusion: To strengthen the leak detection and replanting of children in key areas and to conduct intensive immunization timely, immunological research and evaluation of effects should be carried out.