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自从1950年在菲利浦公司出现L阴极以来,各国对扩散阴极又作了不少改进,而后又相继出现了浸演阴极和压制织-钨阴极。目前广泛使用的是浸渍阴极和压制织-钨阴极,但在发射能力方面都改进得不多,在1000℃时电流密度仍为2～3安/厘米~2。虽然苏联在1958年曾报导他们的钨酸盐阴极在1150℃时发射电流密度为6安/厘米~2,但提高的幅度也不大。 1965年底和1966年上牛年美国通用电气公司和菲利浦公司分别报导了两种改进的扩散阴极,把发射水平大大提高了一步,1000℃时发射水平都超过了10安/厘米~2。美国通用电气公司在1965年5月、12月和1966年1月,
Since the L cathode appeared at Philips in 1950, various improvements have been made to the diffusion cathode, followed by the cathodic impregnation and the suppression of the weaving tungsten cathode. Currently widely used are impregnated cathodes and pressed weave-tungsten cathodes, but have little improvement in their emission capabilities. Current densities are still between 2 and 3 A / cm2 at 1000 ° C. Although the Soviet Union reported in 1958 that their tungstate cathodes had an emission current density of 6 A / cm 2 at 1150 ° C, the improvement was not significant. In late 1965 and 1966, GE and PS reported two improved diffusion cathodes, respectively, which greatly improved the emission level by more than 10 A / cm 2 at 1000 ° C. General Electric Company in the United States in May 1965, December and January 1966,