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本文介绍飞行器结构中各种大型弯曲另件塑性成形过程的主要方法——拉伸与弯曲组合的方法(简称为拉弯方法)。文中从理论上全面地分析目前采用的三种拉弯方法(先弯曲后拉伸,先拉伸后弯曲,先拉伸后弯曲再拉伸)的回弹现象。实验证明,按照文中所建立的公式求得的理论值仅与实验值相差0.32％。同时,按照文中所讨论的方法可以使回弹半径控制在0.87％以内。此外,作者在文中提出一种回弹既小又不受磨擦影响的拉弯方法(附加垫块的先拉后弯方法)及其理论根据,并建立加热拉弯方法的理论公式。
This article describes the main method of plastic forming of various large-scale bending parts in aircraft structures-the method of drawing and bending (referred to as the bending method for short). In this paper, the current three bending methods (bending before stretching, stretching after stretching, stretching after stretching and then stretching) are analyzed theoretically and comprehensively. Experiments show that, according to the formula established in the paper, the theoretical value is only 0.32% difference with the experimental value. At the same time, according to the method discussed in the paper, the rebound radius can be controlled within 0.87%. In addition, the authors propose a method of tension-bending (the method of pre-tensioning and post-tensioning with additional pads) and its theoretical basis, in which the springback is small and not affected by friction, and the theoretical formula for heating tensioning is established.