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为系统探索农作物病虫害持续控制策略,保护农田生态环境,2002~2007年在云南省玉溪市进行36组小麦蚕豆间作与单作同田对比试验。结果表明,不同年份和各组试验小麦蚕豆间作比单作对主要病虫害都有不同程度的持续控制效果,尤其对蚕豆赤斑病和蚕豆斑潜蝇控制效果显著,而且因间作很好地改善了小麦和蚕豆的产量构成因素、增加了蚕豆叶片面积,从而明显地提高增产和增收效益。间作对小麦锈病、小麦白粉病、蚕豆赤斑病的控制效果分别为30.40%~63.55%,25.60%~49.36%和31.51%~45.68%,对小麦蚜虫、蚕豆斑潜蝇、蚕豆蚜虫的控制效果分别为23.00%~37.20%,15.40%~64.00%和17.40%~25.20%;增加蚕豆单株叶面积85.33~574.92 cm2,增加蚕豆单株根瘤生物量1.53~7.27 g;增加小麦产量0.28~0.63 t/hm2,提高蚕豆产量2.14~5.72 t/hm2,提高经济效益22.46%~34.25%。
In order to systematically explore crop pests and diseases control strategies and protect farmland ecological environment, 36 groups of wheat faba bean intercropping and monoculture in a field experiment were conducted in Yuxi, Yunnan Province from 2002 to 2007. The results showed that the intercropping of wheat and faba bean in different years and different groups had different degrees of sustained control effect on the main pests and diseases, especially the control effect on Vicia faba and Vicia faba. Moreover, wheat And broad bean production factors, an increase of broad bean leaf area, thereby significantly increasing the yield and income benefits. The control effects of intercropping on wheat rust, wheat powdery mildew and broad bean leaf spot were 30.40% -63.55%, 25.60% -49.36% and 31.51% -45.68%, respectively. The control effects on wheat aphid, Vicia faba and Vicia faba Respectively, from 23.00% to 37.20%, from 15.40% to 64.00% and from 17.40% to 25.20%, respectively. Increasing the leaf area per plant of broad bean increased from 85.33 to 574.92 cm2, increasing the single root nodule biomass of broad bean from 1.53 to 7.27 g and increasing the yield of wheat from 0.28 to 0.63 t / hm2, increase the yield of broad bean 2.14 ~ 5.72 t / hm2, increase the economic benefit 22.46% ~ 34.25%.