为了研究甲状腺腺瘤声像图改变的病理学基础，对８６例患者进行了术前超声和术后病理检查。发现肿瘤细胞和滤泡的大小及排列方式，以及血管和纤维组织的含量及分布状态决定了腺瘤的回声强度，而腺瘤的出血和囊性变常导致声像图上腺瘤多以混合性肿块出现。包膜外的微血管、甲状腺组织受压萎缩、炎性渗出及包膜本身是导致暗环的主要原因 In order to study the pathological basis of thyroid adenoma sonogram changes, 86 patients underwent preoperative ultrasound and postoperative pathological examination. It was found that the size and arrangement of tumor cells and follicles, and the content and distribution of blood vessels and fibrous tissue determine the echogenicity of adenomas, and the bleeding and cystic changes of adenomas often lead to the mixing of adenomas on the sonogram. A lump appeared. Microcapsule outside the capsule, pressure and atrophy of thyroid tissue, inflammatory exudation, and the envelope itself are the main causes of dark circles.