天山北部属干旱区，干旱区社会经济发展的制约因素是水．本文除对水资源开发后所产生的经济效益和社会效益作了概略叙述之外，主要对开发后的生态环境所产生的有益影响和不良变化作了较详尽的分析论述，并提出改善措施。本文指出，生态环境的劣变，主要是人类活动的结果，完全可以防治和改善，使之达到更美好的生态状况． The north of Tianshan is an arid area, and the limiting factor of socio-economic development in arid areas is water. In addition to a brief account of the economic benefits and social benefits arising from the development of water resources, this paper mainly analyzes and discusses the beneficial effects and unfavorable changes brought by the developed ecological environment and puts forward the improvement measures. This paper points out that the deterioration of the ecological environment is mainly the result of human activities, which can be completely prevented and improved to achieve a better ecological status.