二、俄罗斯俄罗斯2012年完成26次航天发射,其中商业发射11次。这26次发射包括联盟号火箭在欧洲法属圭亚那库鲁的2次发射,但不含海射公司天顶号火箭的3次海上发射。虽然发射成功率比糟糕的2011年有明显改善,但质子号上面级问题仍造成了2次部分失败。联盟FG型火箭全年发射5次,向国际空间站发射了4艘载人飞船,另 Second, Russia Russia completed 26 space launches in 2012, of which 11 were commercial launch. These 26 launches included two Soyuz rocket launches in Kourou, French Guiana, but three maritime launches for the Zeppelin rocket. Although the success rate of launches was significantly improved over the poor 2011, the top-level proton number still caused two partial failures. Allied FG rockets were launched five times a year and four manned spacecraft were launched to the International Space Station.