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对外贸易指数是一组重要的经济统计指标,能够反映一国的对外贸易总量或者分量的增减变动情况,进出口商品价格或数量的变动情况,以及贸易条件的变化情况等,因而在国民经济统计指标体系中处于十分重要的位置。目前,世界上绝大多数国家都编制并发表本国的对外贸易指数,联合国出版的贸易统计刊物中分国别(地区)贸易指数也占有相当篇幅。 我国编制贸易指数最早始于19世纪,以后时续时断。新中国建立以来,我国也一直没有一套系统的对外贸易指数,直到1992年还几乎是空白。国际货币基金组织的一位统计专家曾说:“中国这样的贸易大国没有贸易指数是不正常的。”进入90年代以来,随着我国经济的增长和改革开放的深入,对外贸易迅速发展,进出口总额每年以超过10％的速度增长,1993年进出口总额已居全世界第11位,贸易领域和贸易伙伴也在不断拓展和增多。因此,需要对影响贸易变动中的诸多因素包括结构和价格因素进行深入的分析,以保持对外贸易的健康发展。与此同时,我国的统计核算体系也在发生重大变革,1992年,我国新的国民经济核算体系出台,实现由传统的物质平衡体系向国民核
The foreign trade index is a group of important economic statistical indicators that can reflect the changes in the total amount or volume of foreign trade of a country, changes in the prices or quantities of imports and exports, as well as changes in the terms of trade, and so on. The economic statistics indicator system is in a very important position. At present, most countries in the world compile and publish their own foreign trade indices, and the national (regional) trade indices in the United Nations-published trade statistics publications also occupy considerable space. China’s compilation of trade index first began in the 19th century, and it will continue from time to time. Since the founding of New China, China has not had a systematic index of foreign trade until 1992, when it was almost blank. A statistical expert of the International Monetary Fund once said: “It is abnormal for a major trading country like China to have no trade index.” Since the 1990s, with the growth of China’s economy and the deepening of reform and opening up, foreign trade has developed rapidly. The total export volume has been growing at a rate of more than 10% each year. In 1993, the total volume of imports and exports has ranked 11th in the world, and the trade sector and trading partners are constantly expanding and increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis of many factors that influence trade changes, including structure and price factors, so as to maintain the healthy development of foreign trade. At the same time, China’s statistical accounting system is undergoing major changes. In 1992, China’s new national economic accounting system was introduced to realize the transformation from the traditional material balance system to the national nuclear