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目的:研究1~3年级儿童体力活动类型特点及其与身体形态特征的关系,分析影响儿童体力活动状况的因素。方法:共收集有效样本96人(男生56名,女生40名)。连续3年采用加速度计Actigraph GT3X测量小学生连续7日的体力活动量,包括5个学习日和2个休息日。以100 cpm作为划分久坐的切点,以2172 cpm作为划分中等以上体力活动(MVPA)的切点。采用BMI切点值界定儿童体重正常或肥胖。结果:1.经重复测量设计方差分析,男女生静坐时间3年间差异有显著性(P<0.05),呈逐年增加趋势。3年间男女生学习日MVPA差异不显著(P>0.05),但男生周末时MVPA呈现下降趋势(P<0.05)。2.无论是男生还是女生,其学习日和周末的静坐时间随着年龄的增加呈增加趋势,除男生学习日外,3年比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。3.周末正常组与肥胖组的MVPA时间均出现下降,正常组由45.8min/d下降到39.55min/d,而肥胖组由41.64min/d下降到23.64min/d,体重正常组3年差异无显著性(P>0.05),肥胖组3年差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:随着年龄的增加,小学生静坐时间逐年增加,周末时增加幅度更大。学习日MVPA保持稳定,但周末MVPA出现下降。超重和肥胖儿童静坐时间更多、MVPA时间更少,在周末这种趋势更加明显。
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of physical activity types and their relationship with body shape characteristics of children in grade 1 to grade 3, and to analyze the factors influencing children’s physical activity. Methods: A total of 96 valid samples (56 boys and 40 girls) were collected. Actigraph GT3X accelerometer was used for 3 consecutive years to measure pupils’ physical activity for 7 consecutive days, including 5 study days and 2 rest days. Use 100 cpm as a cut-off point for sedentary and 2172 cpm as a cut-off point for MVPA. BMI cut-off values were used to define normal or obese children. Results: 1.Analysis by ANOVA of repeated measures, there was significant difference between boys and girls in sit-in time of three years (P <0.05), showing a trend of increasing year by year. There was no significant difference in MVPA between male and female students in study days (P> 0.05) during the three years, but the male students showed a decreasing tendency at the weekend (P <0.05). Both boys and girls, their study days and weekend sit-in time increased with increasing age, with the exception of the boys learning day, 3-year difference was significant (P <0.05). The MVPA time of normal group and obesity group decreased at the weekend, the normal group decreased from 45.8min / d to 39.55min / d, while the obese group decreased from 41.64min / d to 23.64min / d, and the normal weight group had a difference of 3 years No significant difference (P> 0.05), obesity group 3 years difference was significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: With the increase of age, the sit-in time of primary school students increases year by year and increases more on weekends. MVPA remained stable on study day, but weaker MVPA on weekends. Overweight and obese children have more sit-in time and less MVPA, which is more pronounced on weekends.