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目的：通过肺、肾组织超微结构病理变化的观察探讨抗栓酶Ⅲ号在烫伤大鼠休克期的治疗作用。方法：复制２０％体表面积的Ⅲ度烫伤大鼠模型，随机分为正常组、烫伤对照组和烫伤治疗组，伤后２４小时取肺、肾组织进行电镜观察。结果：烫伤对照组烫伤后２４小时肺泡腔明显塌陷呈局灶性实变，多见代偿性肺泡扩张，肺泡腔消失或仅有狭缝，线粒体肿胀；肾足细胞显著肿胀，肾小球毛细血管腔中有微血栓形成。烫伤治疗组烫伤后２４小时肺泡腔塌陷减轻，肺泡隔毛细血管腔通畅；肾足细胞肿胀减轻，肾小球毛细血管腔内未见微血栓形成。结论：在烧伤休克期使用抗栓酶Ⅲ号有可能起到改善和疏通微循环的作用，使组织缺血缺氧的时限缩短，从而减轻脏器损害。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of antithrombin III in the shock stage of scalded rats by observing the ultrastructural changes in lung and kidney tissues. Methods: The third degree scald rat model with 20% body surface area was duplicated and randomly divided into normal group, scald control group and scald treatment group. Lung and kidney tissues were harvested at 24 hours after injury for electron microscopic observation. Results: The scalded control group was obviously collapsed 24 hours after burn injury. The compensated alveolar expansion, alveolar disappearance or only slit and mitochondria swelling were found. The renal podocyte was significantly swollen and glomerular capillary Microvascular thrombosis in the lumen. At 24 hours after scald in burn group, the alveolar collapse was alleviated, the alveolar septum capillary cavity was clear, the swelling of renal podocyte was relieved, and there was no microthrombus formation in the glomerular capillaries. Conclusion: The use of antithrombin III in burn shock stage may play an important role in improving and clearing the microcirculation, shorten the time limit of tissue ischemia and hypoxia, and reduce organ damage.