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目的探讨提高超低出生体重儿(ELBWI)的治愈率及减少并发症的方法。方法回顾性分析不同时间段(2002年1月-2011年9月)47例ELBWL的住院经过及临床预后。结果近5年ELBW存活率较前5年有显著上升(46.4%vs 11.8%,P=0.01);最常见的合并症仍然是新生儿感染(74.5%)、早产儿贫血(66.0%)、高胆红素血症(55.3%)、呼吸窘迫综合症(51.1%)及呼吸暂停(51.1%)等;而硬肿症及动脉导管未闭的发生率明显降低。结论近年来ELBWI的治愈率明显提高,但其死亡率仍维持在较高水平;而加强科学护理、严密监测生命体征变化、预防感染、合理喂养等措施是提高ELBWI早期生存率的关键。
Objective To explore the methods to improve the cure rate and reduce the complications of ELBWI. Methods The hospitalization and clinical outcomes of 47 patients with ELBWL in different periods (January 2002-September 2011) were retrospectively analyzed. Results The survival rate of ELBW in the past 5 years was significantly higher than that in the previous 5 years (46.4% vs 11.8%, P = 0.01). The most common complications were neonatal infection (74.5%), premature children with anemia (66.0%) and high Bilirubin (55.3%), respiratory distress syndrome (51.1%) and apnea (51.1%), while the incidence of scleredema and patent ductus arteriosus was significantly lower. Conclusion The cure rate of ELBWI increased significantly in recent years, but the mortality rate remained at a relatively high level. The key to improve the early survival rate of ELBWI is to strengthen the scientific nursing, closely monitor the changes of vital signs, prevent infection and rationally feeding.