有些人很有责任心并具有主动性。他们不仅主动观注那些需要做的事,而且还进一步主动地去完成它们。另一些人却什么都需要别人告诉他们,而且连自己应该做的事都会常常忘记。有些人诚实正直,例如,埃利奥特·理查森(Elliott Richardson)拒绝尼克松总统要他说谎欺骗民众的要求,而总统内阁的其他人员却顺从上司,对他们明明知道是错误的事情表示赞同。为什么成年人中会有这些差异呢?我们可以从让·皮亚杰(Jean piaget)的理论里找到答案。他的理论可以帮助我们理解为什么只要成人在与孩子的相互交往过程中注意某些方法,就完全有希望把孩子培养成能负责任、诚实正直的人。 Some people are very responsible and motivated. They not only take the initiative to observe those who need to do, but also to further their initiative to complete them. Others need anything else to tell them, and often forget what they should do. Some are honest, for example, when Elliott Richardson rejected President Nixon’s request to lie to deceive the public, while the rest of the president’s cabinet obeyed his superiors in agreeing exactly what they knew was wrong. Why are these differences among adults? We can find the answer from the theory of Jean Piaget. His theory helps us to understand why adults are hopefully trained to be responsible, honest and upright as long as adults pay attention to certain ways of interacting with their children.