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本文集中论述了海登·怀特的转义理论,它所处理的是文学与历史的跨界问题,怀特对历史诗性本质的论述,其成立的关键在于转义机制的揭示。本文详细分析了转义机制的定义及内涵,其内涵由四个主导概念构成,即隐喻、转喻、提喻和讽喻,这四重结构性指明了人类普遍意识的某种内在连续性,这也构成了历史话语制造意义的主要机制,经典史学家预先用转义确认书写的基本形态,继而影响书写所发生的三个层面,分别是情节编织、形式论证和意识形态,历史书写的这三个层面既充分展现了转义理论的显层内容,同时又作为转义所实现的历史话语生成效应。借此,转义理论为“历史诗学”提供了有力论证,并为更大程度的书写性话语奠定了预设基础。
This article focuses on the Hayden White’s theory of escapism, which deals with the cross-border issues of literature and history. White elaborates the essence of historical poetic nature. The key to its establishment lies in the disclosure of the escaping mechanism. This paper analyzes in detail the definition and connotation of the mechanism of escaping. Its connotation is composed of four dominant concepts, namely metaphor, metonymy, metaphor and allegory. These four structures indicate some inherent continuity of human universal consciousness. But also constitutes the main mechanism of the meaning of the historical discourse. The historians of the history used the escaping to confirm the basic form of writing, which in turn affected the three layers of writing. They were the plot weaving, formal argumentation and ideology, and the history writing Each level fully shows the explicit content of the theory of escaping, at the same time, it also generates the effect of the historical discourse realized by the escaping. By virtue of this, the theory of escapism provides a powerful argument for “historical poetics” and lays the foundation for a greater degree of written discourse.