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初中物理教材介绍的几何光学仪器主要是面镜和透镜,根据光路的改变来判断几何光学仪器是初中物理教学的难点之一,本人对如何判断光学仪器有如下浅见.光路的改变有反射和折射,面镜使光线发生反射,透镜使光线发生折射.若改变后的光线与入射光线在光学仪器的同侧,则为面镜;若改变后的光线与入射光线在光学仪器的两侧,则为透镜.面镜包括凹镜、凸镜、平面镜三种;透镜包括凸透镜和凹透镜.
The geometry optical instruments introduced in junior high school physics textbooks are mainly mirrors and lenses. It is difficult to judge the geometrical optical instruments according to the change of the optical path in junior middle school physics teaching. I have the following views on how to judge the optical instruments. There are reflections and refractions in the changes of the optical path. The mirror reflects the light, and the lens refracts the light. If the changed light and the incident light are on the same side of the optical instrument, it is a mirror; if the changed light and the incident light are on both sides of the optical instrument, It is a lens. The mirror includes three kinds of concave mirror, convex mirror and plane mirror; the lens includes a convex lens and a concave lens.