美国国家洪灾保险计划(NFIP)是1968年国会根据沿海地区发生的一连串灾害提出的,目的是把日益增长的联邦政府灾害救助费中的一部分改为一项由政府发起的洪灾保险费计划。根据此计划,支付受灾人员的费用将来自保险费的岁入而不是通常的税收(在美国没有为预防洪灾损失而专门设置个人保险项目)。美国国家洪灾保险计划不仅考虑了如何把个人洪灾损失转变成保险费而且还考虑到如何 The National Flood Insurance Scheme (NFIP) was introduced by the 1968 Congress on the basis of a series of disasters that have taken place in the coastal areas to change part of the growing federal disaster relief fee to a government-sponsored flood insurance scheme. According to the plan, the cost of paying the affected people will come from the premium of annual income instead of the usual tax (there is no individual insurance in the United States to prevent flood damage). The U.S. National Flood Insurance Plan considers not only how to convert individual flood losses into premiums but also how