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油茶是世界四大木本油料之一,在中国广泛种植。中国油茶种质资源极为丰富,不同地区油茶存在遗传上的显著多样性。为了掌握油茶资源的遗传多样性,本研究运用ISSR分子标记技术,对来自海南、广西、江西共55份油茶资源进行多态性和聚类分析,分析各品种资源间的遗传关系。研究结果表明:(1)从100条ISSR引物中筛选出13条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出110条DNA条带,多态性条带107条,多态率达97.3%。(2)当相似系数为0.612时,广西(5株),江西(4株)油茶品种与海南品种(46株)具有遗传的亲缘关系,但是有较大的遗传差异性。(3)海南品种油茶在亲缘系数为0.676时可分为7个居群,但主要是澄迈、省农科院、琼海聚类的居群占优,说明海南种虽然亲缘性较高,但仍有地区的差异性。
Camellia oil is one of the world’s four major woody oil, widely planted in China. China Camellia germplasm resources are extremely rich, there are significant genetic diversity in different regions of Camellia. In order to understand the genetic diversity of Camellia oleifera, we studied the genetic relationship among 55 Camellia oleifera resources from Hainan, Guangxi and Jiangxi using ISSR molecular markers. The results showed that: (1) Thirteen primers were screened out from 100 ISSR primers for PCR amplification. A total of 110 DNA bands and 107 polymorphic bands were amplified with a polymorphism rate of 97.3%. (2) When the similarity coefficient was 0.612, Guangxi (5 strains) and Jiangxi (4) Camellia cultivars had a genetic relationship with Hainan breeds (46 strains), but had a large genetic difference. (3) The Hainan variety Camellia can be divided into 7 populations at the relative coefficient of 0.676, but mainly the population of Chengmai, Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Qionghai cluster, indicating that although the relatives of Hainan species are higher, But there are still regional differences.