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Forkhead蛋白是一类在进化上高度保守的重要转录因子家族。目前,已经发现超过100种编码Forkhead蛋白的基因,Forkhead蛋白的典型结构特征是含有Forkhead结构域,即一段由100个氨基酸组成的进化上保守的“Forkhead”DNA结合序列。Forkhead蛋白的主要功能包括调控与胚胎发育、细胞生长、增殖、分化、干细胞干性保持、应激反应、语言形成以及长寿相关基因的表达。Forkhead基因的突变或者调控异常会导致发育缺陷以及肿瘤形成。因此,对于不同Forkhead蛋白家族成员功能的深入研究,有助于更好地揭示相关疾病的发病机制,为针对这些疾病的预防和治疗提供理论依据。该文对国内外Forkhead蛋白在干细胞中的主要功能方面的研究成果进行了总结,综述了近年来的最新研究成果。
Forkhead proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved important transcription factors. So far, it has been found that more than 100 genes encoding the Forkhead protein, a typical structural feature of the Forkhead protein, contain the Forkhead domain, an evolutionarily conserved “Forkhead” DNA-binding sequence of 100 amino acids. The main functions of the Forkhead protein include the regulation of gene expression related to embryonic development, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, stem cell maintenance, stress response, language formation, and longevity. Aberrant or abnormal control of the Forkhead gene results in developmental defects and tumor formation. Therefore, in-depth study of the function of different Forkhead protein family members will help to better reveal the pathogenesis of related diseases and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This paper summarizes the main research results of Forkhead protein in stem cells at home and abroad, and summarizes the latest research results in recent years.