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稻瘟病是黑龙江省水稻主要流行性病害,一旦大发生,往往造成大幅度减产。因此,抗稻瘟病历来是我省选育水稻新品种的重要目标之一,也是生产上选用品种的重要依据。建国初期,黑龙江省主栽品种多数是日伪时期遗留的老品种。这些品种抗病力比较弱,但在生产上能较长时间应用,原因是:①熟期适合直播和水育苗;②当时施肥水平低;③没有理想的代替品种。但种植这些品种潜在着发生稻瘟病的危险。1959年,由于气象条件合适稻瘟病发生,加之盲目追求高产,加大施肥量,造成稻瘟病大发生,全省“卫星”田几乎绝产。这次稻瘟病大发生,迫使加快品种更新的步伐。
Rice blast is the main epidemic disease of rice in Heilongjiang Province. Therefore, the resistance to rice blast has always been one of the important goals of breeding new rice varieties in our province, and is also an important basis for the selection of varieties for production. At the beginning of the founding of New China, most of cultivars cultivated in Heilongjiang Province were the old varieties left over from the period of Puppet. The resistance of these varieties is relatively weak, but in the production of a longer period of application, because: ① mature for direct seeding and aquaculture seedlings; ② when the level of fertilizer is low; ③ there is no ideal alternative species. However, planting these varieties is potentially at risk of rice blast. In 1959, due to the suitable meteorological conditions of rice blast, combined with the blind pursuit of high yield, increasing the amount of fertilizer, resulting in the occurrence of rice blast, the province “satellite ” field almost absolutely. The blast occurred this time, forcing the accelerated pace of breed renewal.