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在分析外语学习者“错误”时,迁移理论主要概括和推论语际异同及其影响,而从语言哲学视角的探究却可以得到更本质的理解。通过对一所高校英语专业专科学生的测试和访谈,本研究对错误进行动态发展的剖析验证。研究发现,错误的构成随着学生认知方式、心理距离等方面的发展而发生变化:随着英语水平提高,他们在GM组(混合语法结构)和GD组(不同语法结构)题目中的出错率逐渐减少,但是在GS组(基本相似语法结构)没有呈现这样的趋势。研究进而对英语学习进行了认知与思维形态分析,指出英语中的时态和语气是英语思维中“时间路径”和“认识距离”的体现。
In the analysis of foreign language learners “errors ”, the transfer theory mainly summarizes and deduces the linguistic similarities and differences and its impact, but from the perspective of linguistic philosophy can get a more substantive understanding. Through the test and interview of a college English majors, this research analyzes and verifies the dynamic development of mistakes. The study found that the composition of errors changed with the development of students’ cognition, psychological distance and other aspects. As the level of English improved, they made mistakes in the topics of GM group (mixed grammatical structure) and GD group (different grammatical structure) The rate is decreasing but not in the GS group (basically similar grammatical structures). The study further analyzes the cognitive and thinking forms of English learning and points out that the tense and tone in English are the embodiment of the “path of time” and “cognitive distance” in English thinking.