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目的研究拉氧头孢对我国主要城市三级甲等医院住院患者2004-2014年分离肠杆菌科细菌的体外抗菌活性。方法收集临床分离细菌,用标准琼脂二倍稀释法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。对2004年至2014年肠杆菌科细菌MIC结果统一进行药敏判定,获得细菌敏感率和耐药率。结果对全国23座城市29家医院的11175株临床分离致病菌进行了MIC测定。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的阳性率分别为66.5%,45.5%;肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类药物保持良好的抗菌活性,对除肺炎克雷伯菌、变形菌属、摩根菌属、普罗威登菌属外的肠杆菌科细菌的敏感率大于93%;肠杆菌科细菌对拉氧头孢、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦也保持较好抗菌作用,其中拉氧头孢对ESBLs阳性大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌敏感率分别为97.8%,95.1%。10年间,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对所测抗菌药物的耐药率呈增高趋势,尤其头孢菌素类耐药率增高明显。结论拉氧头孢对肠杆菌科细菌保持较好体外抗菌活性,对ESBLs阳性、阴性菌抗菌作用相似。
Objective To study the in vitro antibacterial activity of pullhinomycete on Enterobacteriaceae isolates from 2004 to 2014 in inpatients of Grade-A hospitals in major cities in China. Methods The clinical isolates of bacteria were collected and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibacterials was determined by standard agar double dilution method. Enterobacteriaceae MIC from 2004 to 2014, the results of uniform drug susceptibility testing, access to bacterial susceptibility and drug resistance. Results The clinical isolates of 11175 clinically isolated pathogens from 29 hospitals in 23 cities in China were measured by MIC. The positive rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBLs were 66.5% and 45.5%, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae had good antibacterial activity against carbapenems, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus, Morganella, Providencia bacteria outside the Enterobacteriaceae susceptibility rate of more than 93%; Enterobacteriaceae bacteria deoxythiazide, amikacin, piperacillin / Tazobactam also maintained a good antibacterial effect, of which deoxythiosporium ESBLs-positive Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitivity were 97.8%, 95.1%. In 10 years, the resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the tested antimicrobial agents tended to increase, especially the cephalosporin resistance rate increased significantly. Conclusion Lamivudine has good antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae in vitro, and has similar antibacterial activity to ESBLs-positive and -negative bacteria.