鼠痘是由小鼠痘病毒引起的一种严重传染病。早在１９３０年Ｍａｒｃｈａｌ最先发现英国实验小鼠流行一种以肢体脱落为特征的传染病，并且命名为“小鼠传染性脱脚病”。１９４６年ＢｕｒｎｅｔＢｏａｋｅ实验证明引起小鼠传染性脱脚病的病毒与牛痘苗病毒具有相同抗原关系。并且该病的临床经过与其他动物的痘症相似。因此，后来Ｆｅｎｎｅ把小鼠的这种疾病改名为鼠痘，由于小鼠痘病毒株及小鼠基因类型的不同，鼠痘表现为急性型和慢性型两类。但是大部分为隐性感染。急性型鼠痘疾病经过迅速，往往动物尚未出现症状即很快死亡。而且是大批死亡。尸解一般缺乏特殊病变。而慢性型鼠痘病程缓慢，可以出现鼠痘的典型症状。例如：脸肿、眼结膜炎以及多见于耳朵、鼻背部及尾巴等部位的皮疹。凡出现脱脚、断尾及缺耳等症状，可做为鼠痘临床诊断的证据之一。皮疹所在的皮肤及肝脾等脏器出现坏死，此坏死呈灶状或融合成大片状。坏死灶周围很少细胞浸润（这与细菌感染引起的坏死显然不同）。鼠痘的病理组织学特点是在坏死灶周围的细胞胞浆内出现特征性包涵体。此包涵体为均一的嗜酸性、球形、轮廓清晰、周围有明显的空晕，并且往往成群出现。包涵体多见于皮诊部位的表皮细胞、肝细胞及Ｋｕｐｆｆｅｒ氏细胞、脾脏的吞? Mouse pox is a serious infectious disease caused by the mouse poxvirus. As early as 1930, Marchal first discovered that a British experimental mouse was endemic to an infectious disease characterized by exfoliation of limbs, and was named as “Infectious Ankle Disease in Mice.” In 1946, Burnet Boake experiment proved that the virus that caused the infectious levage disease in mice had the same antigenic relationship with the vaccinia virus. And the clinical course of the disease is similar to pox in other animals. Therefore, Fenne later renamed the disease in mice to mice pox. Because of the different gene types of mouse poxvirus strains and mice, mouse pox exhibits acute and chronic forms. However, most of them are latent infections. Acute murine pox disease quickly after the animals often have symptoms that die soon. And a large number of deaths. The general lack of autopsy special disease. The chronic type of smallpox disease slowly, you can show the typical symptoms of smallpox. For example: face swollen, conjunctivitis and more common in the ears, nose and tail and other parts of the rash. Where there is off the foot, tail and lack of ear and other symptoms, can be used as evidence of clinical diagnosis of chicken pox. The skin where the skin rash and liver and spleen and other organs appear necrosis, the necrosis was focal or fused into a large flake. There is very little cell infiltration around the necrotic foci (this is obviously different from necrosis caused by bacterial infection). Pathological features of the mouse pox is characterized by the presence of characteristic inclusions in the cytoplasm around the necrotic lesions. This inclusion body is uniform eosinophilic, spherical, clear outline, around the obvious empty halo, and often appear in groups. Inclusion body more common in epidermal cells in the epidermis, liver cells and Kupffer’s cells, spleen swallowing?