论文部分内容阅读
简要总结了斑节对虾(Penaeks monodon)营养研究方面的最新文献资料。尽管斑节对虾是重要的养殖品种,但对它的营养需求所知甚少。最近研究发现在斑节对虾和日本对虾之间,对一些重要的营养素的需求有显著的差别,这2种对虾是研究最多的种类。例如,斑节对虾需要维生素 B_114mg/kg 饵料;而日本对虾幼虾需60—120mg/kg 饵料,幼体则需40—80mg/kg 饵料。还有类似的情况是:维生素 B_2(斑节对虾幼虾需22.5mg/kg 饵料,而日本对虾幼体需80mg/kg 饵料);烟酸是(6.4mg/kg 对400mg/kg)和维生素 C(2000～2500mg/kg 对10000mg/kg)。鉴于对虾缺乏有效利用饲料中晶体氨基酸的能力,开发了利用微囊包被氨基酸的方法,使不能利用结晶状态的必需氨基酸的斑节对虾可以消化吸收此氨基酸。这一方法使得研究对虾对氨基酸和其它必需氯基酸的需求量成为可能。一项研完使用邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素酯(CAP)微囊包被精氨酸,确定了斑节对虾仔虾对精氨酸的需求量为5.47g/100g 蛋白质(2.50g/100g 饲料)。另外,也对消化酶类,饲料中蛋白需求,碳水化合物,脂类,维生素和幼体饵料等有关斑节对虾的营养研究作了总结回顾。
The latest literature on the nutritional aspects of Penaeus monodon is briefly summarized. Although P. monodon is an important cultured species, little is known about its nutritional needs. Recent studies have found that there is a significant difference in demand for some important nutrients between P. monodon and Japanese shrimp, which are the most studied species. For example, P. monodon requires vitamin B_114mg / kg bait; Japanese shrimp larvae require 60-120mg / kg bait while larvae require 40-80mg / kg bait. In a similar situation, vitamin B 2 (22.5 mg / kg bait for juvenile P. monodon and 80 mg / kg bait for Japanese shrimp juveniles); niacin (6.4 mg / kg vs 400 mg / kg) and vitamin C 2000 to 2500 mg / kg to 10000 mg / kg). Since shrimp lacked the ability to effectively utilize crystalline amino acids in feeds, methods have been developed that utilize microencapsulated amino acids to allow digestion and absorption of this amino acid by P. monodon, which can not utilize the essential amino acids in the crystalline state. This approach makes it possible to study shrimp requirements for amino acids and other essential chloride acids. One study completed the encapsulation of arginine with CAP microcapsules and determined that the arginine requirement of P. monodon was 5.47 g / 100 g of protein (2.50 g / 100 g feed ). In addition, digestive enzymes, dietary protein requirements, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and juvenile feeding on the nutrition of Penaeus monodon were reviewed.