宋:列国体制下的存在从本质上看,宋代只不过是残唐五代的延续。之所以没有短命而亡,只是因为宋太祖断绝了武人专政的传统,才建立了一个国祚长久的宋代。宋代的文化和社会经济的确和唐代有很大的差别,然而又有许多可见的延续性。因此,中国近古的历史究竟是延续还是断裂,就成为历史学家辩论的课题了。我们有时候拿宋代当做近代中国的开始,日本学者内藤虎次郎第一个正面提出宋代的现代性这个问题,到今天还在许多学术讨论会上辩论不休。 Song: The Existence Under the System of Nations By its very nature, the Song Dynasty was merely a continuation of the remaining Tang and Five Dynasties. The reason why there is no short-lived death, only because Song Taizu severance of the tradition of the armed dictatorship, only to establish a long-lasting state of Song Dynasty. There was a great difference between Song Dynasty culture and socio-economy and the Tang Dynasty, but there were many visible continuity. Therefore, whether or not the ancient history of China is a continuation or a break has become a topic debated by historians. We sometimes take the Song Dynasty as the beginning of modern China. The Japanese scholar Naito Toshiro first positively raised the question of the modernity of the Song Dynasty and has still debated many symposiums today.