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虽然直肠癌外科手术切除的术式有①局部切除术;②保存肛门括约肌功能的直肠癌切除术(如前切除术、后切除术、套叠术、拖出术及经腹骶直肠切除术等);③腹会阴联合切除术;④Hartmann手术;⑤其他手术。但其效果均可分为①绝对治愈性切除术;②相对治愈性切除术;③相对非治愈性切除术;④绝对非治愈性切除术4个方面。 绝对治愈性切除术,是指无肝、腹膜及其腹腔外脏器转移,切除的近远断端和剥离面无癌浸润,即使癌已穿透浆膜面或肌层及侵及邻近其他脏器,又做了相应切除术,再加淋巴结转移阳性数小于根治性切除的R数。当手术病例的淋巴结阳性数和R数相等时,即称相对治愈性切除术,达不到治愈性切除的标准时,即称非治愈性切除术。在非治愈性切除术中,明确为癌组织残留者谓绝对非治愈性切
Although surgical resection of rectal cancer has 1 partial resection; 2 preservation of rectal cancer with anal sphincter function (such as anterior resection, posterior resection, intussusception, pull-out surgery and transabdominal rectal resection, etc. ); 3 abdominal perineal resection; 4 Hartmann surgery; 5 other operations. But the effect can be divided into 1 absolute curative resection; 2 relatively curative resection; 3 relatively non-curative resection; 4 absolute non-curative resection in 4 aspects. Absolute curative resection refers to the absence of liver, peritoneum, and extraperitoneal organ metastases. The proximal and distal ends and the dissection surface of the resection have no cancer infiltration, even if the cancer has penetrated the serosal surface or muscular layer and invaded adjacent other organs. The device also performed a corresponding resection, plus the number of lymph node metastases was less than the radical resection R number. When the number of positive lymph nodes and the number of R’s in surgical cases are equal, a relatively curative resection is called, and the standard of curative resection cannot be achieved, it is called a non-curative resection. In non-curative resection, it is definitely non-curative cutting