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波兰语义学派提出的自然语义元语言(NSM)理论是当代语义学中的一种新范式,有着自己独特的研究目标、原则和方法,现已成为当代语言学中以实证为基础的语义分析体系。其研究目标是利用语义基元这一微型语言,为任何语言中的所有词项、语法结构和文化脚本构筑“化简释义”的描写框架。它有两个基本原则:普遍基元原则和化简释义原则,前者是释义单位原则,后者是释义过程原则。NSM理论融合了词汇语义学、语言类型学和跨文化语用学等诸多学科的研究方法,构建了特有的方法论体系。
The natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) theory put forward by the Polish semantic school is a new paradigm in contemporary semantics. It has its own unique research objectives, principles and methods and has now become an evidence-based semantic analysis system in contemporary linguistics . Its research goal is to use the semantic primitives, a miniature language, to construct a descriptive framework for “simplifying definitions” for all terms, grammatical structures and cultural scripts in any language. It has two basic principles: universal primitive principle and simplified principle, the former is the principle of unit of interpretation, the latter is the principle of interpretation process. NSM theory combines lexical semantics, linguistic typology and cross-cultural pragmatics and many other disciplines of research methods, the construction of a unique methodology.