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二战时期,各参战国无不把空军作为赢得战争的重要力量,战机性能提升得很快。例如,德国Fw-190战机的时速已达到535千米,日本的零式战机时速已达570千米,更不要提二战晚期德国的V-1火箭和Me-262喷气式战机了,高速飞行的战机给地面防空带来的压力越来越大。当时的高炮引信主要是触发式或延时式,对空作战效率极低,据统计,需要发射1162枚炮弹才能击落一架战机。1941年,美国克莱斯勒公司接到一份美军弹药署的绝密订单,生产一种革命性的新式引信,其中安装了无线电收发信机,可以自动探测与目标的距离。但是,要把无线电装在体积很小的引信中,空间很成问题,如果使用电线焊接的方式将乱作一团,所以在近炸引信内部首次使用了印刷电路板。同时,真空管作为当时最重要的电子元件,也越来越难以满足军用设备对小型化、可靠性、适用性等方面的要求。解决这些问题需要一场新的技术革命。
During World War II, all participating countries and the Warring States Air Force as an important force to win the war, fighter performance improved rapidly. For example, the German Fw-190 fighter has reached 535 kilometers per hour and the Japanese zero-fighter has reached 570 kilometers per hour, let alone the German V-1 and Me-262 fighter jets of the late Second World War, Fighters to the ground air defense pressure is increasing. At that time, the main fuselage of the artillery was a triggered or delayed type and its combat effectiveness on air was extremely low. According to statistics, it was necessary to launch 1,162 shells to shoot down a fighter plane. In 1941, Chrysler Corporation of the United States received a top-secret order from the U.S. Agency for Ammunition to produce a revolutionary new fuse with a radio transceiver that automatically detects the distance to the target. However, to fit the radio into a small volume of fuze, space is a problem. For the first time, a printed circuit board is used inside a near-fuze fuse if wires are used for welding. At the same time, the vacuum tube, as the most important electronic component of the time, has also become more and more difficult to meet the requirements of miniaturization, reliability and applicability of military equipment. Solving these problems requires a new technological revolution.