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目的利用生存分析方法,评价乙型肝炎(乙肝)、卡介苗、麻疹、百白破、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)5种疫苗基础免疫接种情况,为预防接种管理政策提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,将北京市丰台区按照地理位置分为西部、中部、东部3层,从每一层内随机抽取1个街乡,调取该街乡预防接种单位儿童预防接种信息管理系统内儿童个案进行数据分析。结果共收集0~5岁在册儿童个案16 495名。乙肝、麻疹、百白破、脊灰疫苗基础剂次全程推荐月龄时点累计接种率,本市儿童分别为68.7%、91.5%、77.6%、83.5%,外省市儿童分别为57.9%、81.6%、61.8%、67.4%;乙肝、麻疹、百白破、脊灰疫苗基础剂次全程12月龄时点累计接种率,丰台区儿童分别为99.4%、99.3%、99.4%、99.6%,外省市儿童分别为98.3%、98.7%、98.1%、98.7%;乙肝第1剂次、卡介苗出生后24 h时点累积接种率,丰台区儿童分别为93.2%、67.5%,外省市儿童分别为93.2%、65.9%。经对数秩检验(Log rank法),除卡介苗以外,丰台区儿童与外省市儿童的其余疫苗剂次接种差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论生存分析法不仅可以有效评价儿童预防接种率,而且对于完善预防管理政策,可提供科学依据。
Objective To evaluate the basic immunization of five kinds of vaccines against hepatitis B (hepatitis B), BCG, measles, diphtheria and poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis) by means of survival analysis and provide a scientific basis for vaccination management. Methods Stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to divide Fengtai District of Beijing into three levels in the west, middle and east of China. One street of each township was randomly selected from each floor, and the preventive measures Data analysis of children in vaccination information management system. Results A total of 16 495 registered children aged 0-5 were collected. Hepatitis B, measles, diphtheria, polio vaccine based sub-total recommended monthly cumulative vaccination rate, the city’s children were 68.7%, 91.5%, 77.6%, 83.5%, children of other provinces were 57.9% 81.6%, 61.8% and 67.4%, respectively. The accumulative vaccination rate of hepatitis B, measles, diphtheria and polio vaccine was 12 months of age. The children in Fengtai district were 99.4%, 99.3%, 99.4% and 99.6% Children in other provinces and municipalities were 98.3%, 98.7%, 98.1% and 98.7% respectively. The cumulative immunization rate of hepatitis B in the first dose and BCG at 24 hours after birth was 93.2% and 67.5% in Fengtai District, while children in other provinces and cities Respectively, 93.2%, 65.9%. Log-rank test showed that there were significant differences in the number of vaccinations between Fengtai and other provinces except for BCG (P <0.01). Conclusion Survival analysis not only can effectively evaluate the rate of vaccination in children, but also provide a scientific basis for improving prevention and management policies.