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[目的]掌握平阳县4年职业健康检查情况,明确今后职业卫生监管的重点,为制定针对性强的具有地区特色的职业病防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]利用国家健康危害因素监测信息系统和职业卫生工作报表,收集平阳县2008—2011年职业健康检查信息,对资料进行统计分析。[结果]平阳县4年职业健康检查应检企业1404家,企业受检率64.17%,应检人员13464人,人员受检率66.27%。疑似职业病检出14人,检出率0.16%;职业禁忌证检出220人,检出率2.47%;职业健康异常检出234人,检出率为2.62%。受检企业数、企业受检率、受检人员数和人员受检率逐年增加,疑似职业病、职业禁忌证和职业健康异常等检出率逐年减少。职业健康检查企业主要分布在在萧江、昆阳、鳌江、万全、水头等五大经济重镇,行业以轻工和金属加工为主,企业规模以小型为主。疑似职业病和职业禁忌证检出率小型规模企业高于中型规模企业。疑似职业病主要分布在轻工、建材和化工等行业,检出率最高者为建材行业,其作业岗位为建材加工、家具制造和塑编印刷等涉尘、涉苯岗位。职业禁忌证主要分布在轻工、金属加工和建材等行业,检出率最高者为金属加工行业,其作业岗位为家具制造、塑编印刷、电镀和移膜制革等接触粉尘和化学毒物的岗位。[结论]五大经济重镇、轻工与金属加工与建材行业、小型规模和涉尘、涉苯的企业是平阳县今后职业卫生监管的重点。建议对企业加强产业园区化分类管理,对作业工人实行基本职业健康检查,开展重点职业病监测与风险评估。
[Objective] To master the 4-year occupational health examination in Pingyang County, clarify the focus of occupational health supervision in the future and provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and cure measures of occupational diseases with regional characteristics. [Method] With the national health hazard monitoring information system and occupational health work report, the information of occupational health examination in Pingyang county during 2008-2011 was collected and the data were statistically analyzed. [Results] In Pingyang County, there were 1,404 enterprises to be inspected for occupational health examination in 4 years. The inspection rate of enterprises was 64.17%, 13464 persons should be inspected and 66.27% of personnel should be inspected. Suspected occupational disease detected 14 people, the detection rate of 0.16%; occupation contraindications 220 people were detected, the detection rate of 2.47%; occupational health anomaly detected 234 people, the detection rate was 2.62%. The number of enterprises tested, the rate of business inspection, the number of subjects and personnel inspection rate increased year by year, the suspected occupational diseases, occupational taboos and occupational health abnormalities such as the detection rate decreased year by year. Occupational health examination enterprises are mainly distributed in the five major economic centers of Xiaojiang, Kunyang, Aojiang, Wanquan and Shuitou. The industries are mainly light industry and metal processing. The scale of the enterprises is mainly small. Suspected occupational diseases and occupational taboos detection rate of small-scale enterprises than medium-sized enterprises. Suspected occupational diseases are mainly distributed in light industry, building materials and chemical industries, the highest detection rate for the building materials industry, the job for building materials processing, furniture manufacturing and plastic woven printing dust, benzene-related positions. Occupational contraindications are mainly distributed in the light industry, metal processing and building materials industries, the highest detection rate for the metal processing industry, the jobs for the furniture manufacturing, plastic printing, plating and transfer film leather and other contact with dust and chemical poisons post. [Conclusion] The five major economic centers, light industry and metal processing and building materials industries, small-scale and dust-related, benzene-involved enterprises are the focus of future occupational health supervision in Pingyang County. It is suggested that enterprises should step up classifications and management of industrial parks, carry out basic occupational health checks on workers and conduct key occupational disease surveillance and risk assessment.