西方社会最先开始关注保密的是军事学家和政治学家,如,马基雅维里(代表作《君主论》)和孟德斯鸠(代表作《论法的精神》)等,但只是作为无足轻重的一部分。直到19世纪末20世纪初,随着社会学的兴起,才开始出现正面探究和阐述保密现象的著作,其先驱人物就是马克斯·韦伯(Max Weber)和格奥尔格·齐美尔(Georg Simmel)。他们被视为开创了保密学 Western society first began to pay attention to confidential military strategists and political scientists, such as Machiavelli (masterpiece “monarchy”) and Montesquieu (masterpiece “spirit of the law”), but only as an insignificant Part. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the rise of sociology began to appear in the works of positive inquiry and elaboration of confidentiality, pioneered by Max Weber and Georg Simmel. They are seen as creating secrecy