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对小汇水面积的测量,以往我们多用经纬仪观测方向距离,当场用小平板仪绘图。在技术员少时也用过经纬仪观测方向距离,当场作出记录,回室内绘图。前者可现场校核,但多用一名绘图员,后者发现错误必须复往现场观测。1956年我们需要测量1957年的工程,当时人员少、时间紧,小汇水区又占多数,根据这一情况,参考了李海观编著的“测量学”中交绘法的二点法,采用小平板仪直接观测小汇水面积。经过试验,尚可达到比较满意的结果。后来用小平板仪直接观测了10余处1平方公里以下的小汇水区,在人员少的情况下,按时完成了任务,并节省了部份测工。现在将测绘方法作一介绍,请予批评指正。一、工具:小平板(附照准仪、磁针)一套,高花杆(顶端钉红白绿旗)2～3根,皮尺一盘,象皮铅笔两只。二、测绘方法:如图。
Small catchment area measurements, in the past we use the theodolite observation direction distance, the spot with a small tablet plotting. When the technician also used the theodolite to observe the direction of the distance, the spot to make a record, back to the interior drawing. The former can be checked on the spot, but one more draftsman, the latter found the error must be back to the scene observation. In 1956, we needed to measure the 1957 project. At that time, there were fewer personnel, less time and a small catchment area. According to this situation, we referred to the two-point method of cross-painting method in “Surveying” Slab direct observation of small catchment area. After testing, can still achieve more satisfactory results. Later, with a small flat-panel instrument directly observed more than 10 km below 1 square catchment, in the case of small staff, completed the task on time and save some of the test. Now the mapping method for an introduction, please criticize correction. A tool: a small plate (with sight, magnetic needle) a set of high flower pole (top nail red and white green) 2 to 3, a tape measure, elephant pencil two. Second, mapping methods: Figure.