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在人工气候控调箱内,于开花期进行不同稻作区稻种开花结实对温度的生态生理反应的模拟试验。 本试验用5个来源于云南的高原稻种:滇榆1号、黑选5号、麻线谷、高原粳8号和老来白;3个来源于浙江和日本的平原稻种:农虎6号、越富和纵新134。试验从生态生理角度探讨了不同水稻品种开花结实与温度的关系,开花对温度的生态生理反应以及不同温度对颖花生理活性的影响。 试验结果表明,在水稻开花时遭受低温,高原品种表现出耐冷抗冷的特性,但开颖小穗的花粉生理活性受阻抑,花药不开裂,柱头上花粉数和花粉萌发数减少,致使一系列受精过程受干扰,结实率下降。而平原品种开花对低温的生态生理反应则是极少开花,甚至不开花,表现为“闭花抗冷”。至处理结束后,花粉生理活性受低温影响甚微,因此对小穗结实率的影响较小。 上述结果表明,不同水稻品种开花时对低温的不同生态生理反应,是由它们各自在不同生态环境下形成的不同新陈代谢类型和对环境的适应力所决定的。
In the artificial climate control box, in the flowering stage of paddy rice in different regions of flowering and fruiting on the temperature of the eco-physiological response simulation test. In this experiment, five plateau rice varieties from Yunnan were selected: Dian Yu 1, Heixian 5, Ma Tie Gu, Gao Yuan Jing No. 8 and Lao Lai Bai. Three plain rice cultivars from Zhejiang and Japan: Nonghu 6 Number, the richer and new 134. The experiment explored the relationship between the flowering and fruiting of different rice cultivars and temperature, the ecophysiological responses of flowering to temperature and the effects of different temperature on the physiological activity of spikelets from the perspective of ecophysiology. The results showed that when the rice suffered from low temperature during flowering, the plateau varieties showed resistance to cold and cold. However, the spikelet’s resistance to pollen physiological activity was inhibited, the anthers did not crack, the number of pollen on the stigma and pollen germination decreased, resulting in a series of The fertilization process was disturbed, the seed setting rate decreased. The plain varieties of low-temperature flowering on the ecological and physiological responses are rarely flowering, or even flowering, manifested as “closed flowers cold.” At the end of the treatment, the physiological activity of pollen was little affected by the low temperature and thus had little effect on the seed setting rate. The above results show that different ecophysiological responses to low temperature at flowering of different rice varieties are determined by their different metabolic forms and their adaptability to the environment under different ecological environments.