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随着近代自然科学的全面兴起,理性思考的热潮也逐渐蔓延到历史学中,人们开始热衷于寻找历史发展的规律。由此20世纪上半叶,文化形态史观名声大噪,以汤因比的成就最为显著,随着文化形态史观的提出和兴盛,将全球各地的文明平等看待的文化形态史观代替了从前的西方中心论。文化形态史观给历史研究所带来的进步显而易见,对于人类文明的发展也提出了新的看法。然而自汤因比后,文化形态史观却再无建树,本文着重分析文化形态史观中关于文明成长动因的阐释,从而探讨文化形态史观的局限性。
With the all-round rise of modern natural science, the upsurge of rational thinking has gradually spread to the history as well, and people are keen to find the law of historical development. Thus, in the first half of the 20th century, the concept of the historical formation of culture was famous and the most notable achievement of Toynbee was that with the proposing and flourishing of the historical outlook of cultural forms, the historical forms of civilization regarded as equal by civilizations around the world were replaced Formerly Western-centered theory. The progress made in the history of culture by the historical outlook of civilization is obvious, and a new view is given of the development of human civilization. However, since Tang Yabi, there is no more achievements in the cultural history view. This article focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the growth of civilization in the historical views of the cultural form, so as to discuss the limitations of the cultural history view.