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鼻腔给药是传统的给药方式,在耳鼻喉科应用极为广泛,一般用来治疗各种鼻腔和鼻窦疾病,也可作为辅助用药用于与鼻病有关的邻近器官疾患。近年来随着对这一给药途径研究的深入,通过鼻粘膜吸收发挥全身性治疗作用的药剂受到人们的重视,尤其是肽和蛋白质类药物的鼻粘膜给药研究较多,很有希望替代传统的注射给药途径。1 鼻粘膜给药的特点 鼻粘膜给药简便易行,药物经鼻粘膜吸收后直接进入体循环,可免受胃肠道中酶的破坏和肝脏对药物的首过效应,有利于提高生物利用度,某些药物鼻内给药的生物利用度接近100％,这对胃肠道吸收不良的药物有实际意义。鼻粘膜给药的缺点是制剂对鼻粘膜的刺激,主要是纤毛毒
Nasal administration is the traditional mode of administration, is widely used in otolaryngology, is generally used to treat various nasal and sinus diseases, but also can be used as adjuvant drugs for nasal diseases related to the adjacent organs. In recent years, with the deepening of the study of this route of administration, through the nasal mucosa absorption to play a systemic therapeutic effect of the agent by people’s attention, especially the peptide and protein drugs for nasal mucosal administration more hopeful alternative Traditional injection routes of administration. 1 characteristics of nasal mucosa administration Nasal mucosa administration simple and easy, the drug directly into the systemic circulation through the nasal mucosa, can be protected from gastrointestinal enzymes and liver damage to the drug’s first pass effect is conducive to improving bioavailability, The bioavailability of some drugs administered intranasally is close to 100%, which is of practical significance for poorly absorbed drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The disadvantage of nasal mucosal administration is the irritation of the nasal mucosa, mainly ciliary toxicity