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岩爆是高地应力区地下工程开挖卸荷产生的动力现象。按照地下工程开挖卸荷特点,开展了脆性花岗岩常规三轴、不同卸载速率条件下峰前、峰后三轴卸围压试验,研究了岩石破坏的全过程并进行了声发射特征分析,探讨了岩爆岩石的变形破坏特征和岩爆形成力学机制。试验结果表明:无论是峰前还是峰后卸围压,高地应力下花岗岩都表现脆性破坏特征,峰前卸围压时岩样表现出的脆性比峰后卸围压更为强烈;卸载速率越快,岩石脆性破坏越强,发生岩爆的可能性越大。试验研究成果对地下工程岩爆发生的机理研究和预测提供了试验依据。
Rockburst is the dynamic phenomenon of underground excavation unloading in high stress area. According to the characteristics of excavation and unloading in underground engineering, the uniaxial and uniaxial unloading confining pressure tests under normal triaxial and unloading rates of brittle granite were carried out. The whole process of rock failure was studied and the characteristics of acoustic emission were analyzed. Deformation and failure characteristics of rockburst rock and rockburst formation mechanics mechanism. The results show that the granite exhibits brittle failure characteristics under both high and low ground stress both before and after unloading. The brittleness of the rock specimens during unloading before peak is more intense than that after unloading. The unloading rate Fast, the more brittle failure of rock, the greater the possibility of rock burst. The experimental results provide experimental evidence for the mechanism research and prediction of rockburst in underground engineering.