电力、内燃牵引是我国铁路牵引动力的发展方向。但在目前,蒸汽机车仍是我国铁路上的主要牵引动力,它占全国机车总数的78.3%,担负着87%的货运任务和部分客运任务。蒸汽机车曾经经过多次大的改进,但到了二十世纪四十年代,由于内燃、电力机车的发展,它的改进几乎停止了。随着科学技术的不断发展, Electric power, internal combustion traction is the development direction of China’s railway traction power. However, at present, the steam locomotive is still the main traction power on our country’s railway. It accounts for 78.3% of the total number of locomotives in the country, shouldering 87% of the freight transportation tasks and some of the passenger transportation tasks. Steam locomotives have undergone several major improvements, but by the 1940s, improvements had almost stopped due to the development of internal combustion and electric locomotives. With the continuous development of science and technology,