十年来,中国近海各海域先后开展了污染调查监测,面积达38万平方公里。同时,对沿海污染源进行了调查。本文根据近年来的资料,对中国近海几种主要污染物质的来源和海域的水污染状况进行了分析,认为:(1)河流携带是污染物入海的主要方式;(2)石油是海区最主要的污染物,东海近岸和渤海是油污染最严重的两个海区;(3)中国北部海区的有机污染比南部海区明显;(4)重金属污染仅限于局部近岸和河口海区,范围很小。 In the past ten years, pollution investigation and monitoring have been carried out in all the seas in China’s offshore area, covering an area of ​​380,000 square kilometers. At the same time, the coastal pollution sources were investigated. Based on the data in recent years, this paper analyzes the sources of several major pollutants in the coastal areas of China and the water pollution in the sea areas. It is concluded that: (1) River transport is the main way for pollutants to enter the sea; (2) Oil is the most important (3) The organic pollution in the northern sea of ​​China is more obvious than in the southern sea; (4) The heavy metal pollution is only limited to the local coastal and estuarine areas with a small area .