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目的了解2009-2010年绵阳市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后所采用的预防控制措施,为加强狂犬病防治工作提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,对狂犬病暴露人群的性别、年龄、就诊时间、暴露级别、伤口处理、狂犬病疫苗及人狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种的及时性以及伤人动物的类别等因素进行统计分析。结果 2009-2010年绵阳市9个县市区疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊共接诊狂犬病暴露人群4531例,男女性别比为1.14:1;0～岁组和40～岁组被咬伤人数最多,分别占犬伤总人数的23.31%和15.12%;伤后24h内就诊者达92.45%;Ⅱ级暴露者和伤及四肢者最多,分别占53.59%和87.46%;犬伤人占大部分,为93%;使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白人数占应使用者的45.35%。结论预防狂犬病要及时规范处理伤口并全程接种狂犬疫苗;加强犬类管理,减少暴露机会;同时,应加强狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育和医务人员的培训,普及狂犬病的防治知识。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Mianyang City from 2009 to 2010 and the preventive and control measures used after exposure to provide the basis for strengthening the prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods The descriptive method was used to analyze the gender, age, treatment time, level of exposure, wound treatment, rabies vaccine and human rabies immunoglobulin inoculation timeliness and the type of injured animals in rabies exposed population. Results From 2009 to 2010, 4531 rabies exposed clinics were collected from 9 centers in 9 counties in Mianyang City. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.14: 1. The number of bites was the highest in 0 ~ 40 years old group , Respectively accounting for 23.31% and 15.12% of the total number of canine injuries; 92.45% of the patients were diagnosed within 24 hours after injury; those with grade Ⅱ exposures and injuries and limbs were the most, accounting for 53.59% and 87.46% respectively; dogs and wounds accounted for the majority, 93%; use of rabies immunoglobulin accounted for 45.35% of users should be. Conclusions The prevention of rabies should be timely and standardized treatment of rabies vaccination rabies vaccination; strengthen dog management to reduce the chance of exposure; the same time, rabies disease prevention and treatment should be strengthened publicity and education of education and training of medical staff, the popularity of prevention and treatment of rabies knowledge.