新近发现,在世界各地都有婴幼儿因博卡病毒感染引起呼吸道炎症,甚至引起严重的呼吸道疾病。这是一种无包膜的单链DNA,属细小病毒亚科,多数细小病毒主要感染家畜并致病。导致人类感染还鲜为人知,由于人博卡病毒发现时间短,因此,对于该病毒的生物学特征、临床检测方法、感染者临床表现等诸多方面的研究报道资料还很零散。本文对人博卡病毒生物学分类、分子生物学研究、系统发育树分析、流行特征及诊断等方面等资料进行综述,希望引起同行们的关注。 It has recently been discovered that infants and young children in all parts of the world are inflicted with respiratory inflammation due to Boca virus infection and even cause severe respiratory diseases. This is a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA, is a parvovirus subfamily, the majority of parvoviruses mainly infected livestock and pathogenic. As a result, human infection is little known. Due to the short time found in human Boca virus, there are still many reports about the biological characteristics of the virus, clinical detection methods, clinical manifestations of infected persons and many other aspects. This article summarizes the biological classification, molecular biology, phylogenetic tree analysis, epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of human bocavirus, and hopes to arouse the concern of colleagues.