对菊科植物苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patr.的干燥成熟带总苞的果实(苍耳子)中的木脂素类成分进行研究。采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、MCI柱色谱及高效液相色谱等手段对苍耳子的70%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,应用核磁共振及质谱技术鉴定了17个木脂素类化合物,分别为(-)-pinoresinol(1),balanophonin A(2),diospyrosin(3),dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(4),2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(5),(-)-simulanol(6),(-)-7R,8S-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(7),chushizisin E(8),dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(9),7R,8S-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),erythro-1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol(11),leptolepisol D(12),8-O-4’neolignan 4-O-β-glucopyranoside(13),(-)-(2R)-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-{2-甲氧基-4-[1-(E)-丙烯-3-醇]苯氧基}-丙烷-3-醇(14),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol(15),threo-dihydroxy dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(16)和(-)-(2R)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-{2-methoxy-4-[(E)-formylviny1]phenoxyl}propane-3-ol(17)。其中化合物2~17为首次从苍耳属植物中分离得到,化合物1为首次从苍耳子中分离得到。