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输尿管芽发育最初源于中肾管尾部突起,在后肾间充质信号的诱导下侵入后肾。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)在输尿管芽上皮表达,诱导输尿管芽反复延长分支20次左右,随后诱导周围间充质细胞上皮化,进行一系列形态学改变,形成肾的基本功能单位-肾单位。由各种因子表达障碍引起的输尿管芽发生和分支缺陷导致肾单位数量减少,进而导致慢性肾病的发生。Mi RNAs和RAS基因的突变可导致肾囊肿以及CAKUT的发生。。
Initially, the development of ureter buds originates from the protrusion of the middle and proximal tubules and invades the posterior kidney under the guidance of the mesenchymal signal of the posterior kidney. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expressed in the ureter bud epithelium, inducing ureteral buds to extend the branch to extend about 20 times, followed by induction of peripheral mesenchymal cell epithelialization, a series of morphological Learning to change, the formation of basic functional units of kidney - nephron. Ureteral budding and branching defects caused by the expression of various factors lead to a decrease in the number of nephrons, leading to the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. Mutations in Mi RNAs and RAS genes can lead to the development of renal cysts and CAKUT. .