目的观察训练大鼠急进高原模型骨骼肌肌糖元及其组织形态的改变,研究训练对骨骼肌的损伤及防护。方法于1520m实地环境设实验组(EG)使用中药抗疲I号加入常规饲料中喂养,对照组(CG)常规饲料喂养,EG、CG各40只游泳训练4周后,各选30只3h急进3850m实地静息1.5h,从中各选10只作为静息对照采集标本,EG、CG各20只游泳至力竭后,1h、24h采集标本,测定比较各组骨骼肌肌糖元含量,镜下观察比较各组骨骼肌形态变化。结果1520m环境游泳训练4周,雌雄EG无死亡,CG总死亡率为6.25%;急进3850m高原后游泳时间,雌雄EG分别为(67.19±18.88)min和(68.56±16.15)min,显著长于CG的(45.88±18.94)min和(45.50±14.32)min,EG骨骼肌肌糖元1h、24h含量均高于CG1h、24h相肌糖元含量,均有统计学意义;骨骼肌组织学结构从纵断面看,EG肌纤维均匀,结构清晰;CG肌纤维直径不均匀,部分肌纤维较细。结论肌糖元含量与运动能力有必然关系,过度训练、改变运动集训环境或强体力劳动会引起骨骼肌营养不良。本研究是通过食品干预训练大鼠,有利于改善骨骼肌肌糖元蓄备和营养状况。 Objective To observe the changes of skeletal muscle glycogen and its histomorphology in the rat model of acute entry into the plateau, and to study the effects of training on skeletal muscle injury and protection. Methods The experiment group (EG) was used in the 1520m field environment to use the traditional Chinese medicine anti-Fatigue I to feed conventional diets. The control group (CG) was fed conventional diets. Forty EG and CG were each trained in swimming for 4 weeks. 3850m rest in the ground for 1.5h. 10 specimens were selected as resting control samples. 20 specimens from each of EG and CG were swimming until they were exhausted. Specimens were collected at 1h and 24h. The skeletal muscle glycogen content in each group was measured and compared. Observe and compare the morphological changes of skeletal muscle in each group. Results After 1520m swimming training for 4 weeks, there was no death of male and female EG, and the total CG mortality was 6.25%. After 3850m high altitude swimming, the male and female EG were (67.19±18.88) min and (68.56±16.15) min, respectively, which were significantly longer than those of CG. (45.88±18.94) min and (45.50±14.32) min, EG skeletal muscle glycogen contents at 1 h and 24 h were higher than those at CG 1 h and 24 h skeletal muscle glycogen content, both of which were statistically significant; skeletal muscle histological structure was from longitudinal section Look, EG muscle fibers are uniform and structurally clear; CG muscle fibers are not uniform in diameter, and some muscle fibers are fine. Conclusion Muscle glycogen content is inevitably related to exercise ability. Overtraining, changing the environment of training training or strong physical exercise can cause skeletal muscle malnutrition. This study was designed to improve the skeletal muscle glycogen storage and nutritional status by training rats with food interventions.