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在传统的板料半模成形工艺中,所使用的传力介质为橡胶、聚胺脂、橡皮囊、油或水等,但它们都有各自的缺点。油或水容易泄漏,容框内压力难于进一步提高,尤其在成形失败时,液体飞溅不仅污染环境,而且累及操作者;橡皮囊成形机价格昂贵,且难以实现深拉延和深弯曲;而采用聚氨酯或橡胶做为软模时,还受到自身变形条件限制,难以成形局部变形量较大零件。基于此,作者探索性地进行了用粘塑性材料作为传力介质来进行板料成形的研究。通过大量实验,探索出了理想的粘塑性传力介质应具备的条件,并寻找到了一种合适的粘塑性传力介质。用这种介质,在同一容框内,通过更换不同凸模生产了五种不同的特形零件。实验表明,用该方法可使筒形件的拉延比达到0.38,最大变薄率小于10%,零件形状误差,表面质量均不低于充液拉延,甚至可以很方便地成形法兰与拉延方向不垂直的零件。
In the traditional sheet metal mold forming process, the transmission medium used is rubber, polyurethane, rubber bladder, oil or water, etc., but they all have their own disadvantages. Oil or water is easily leaked and the pressure inside the container is hard to be further increased. In particular, liquid splashes not only pollute the environment but also affect the operator, particularly in the case of failed forming. The rubber bag forming machine is expensive and difficult to achieve deep drawing and deep bending. Polyurethane or rubber as a soft mold, but also by their own deformation conditions, it is difficult to shape the larger parts of the local deformation. Based on this, the author explored the use of viscoplastic materials as transmission medium for sheet metal forming research. Through a large number of experiments, we found out the ideal condition of viscoplastic transmission medium and found a suitable viscoplastic transmission medium. With this medium, five different profile parts are produced in the same frame by changing the different punch. Experiments show that this method can make the draw ratio of the cylinder to 0.38, the maximum thinning rate of less than 10%, the shape error of parts, the surface quality of not less than liquid-filled drawing, and even can be easily shaped flange and Drawn the direction of the vertical components.