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理论界在讨论人权问题时,总是有意无意地认为,人权保护主要是国家与政府的职责范围。当代西方一些国家时不时挥舞的人权大棒,指向的对象也主要是他们认定的“侵犯了人权”的主权国家。但是,并非只有主权国家或政府才可能侵犯人权。2001年12月,美国得克萨斯大学法学院的史迪芬·R·拉特纳(Steven R.Ratner)教授在《耶鲁法律杂志》上发表了一篇长文《企业与人权:一个法律责任的理论》,比较全面地阐述了跨国企业侵犯人权的可能性和现实性,为我们认识当代人权问题提供了新的视角,对于推进经济全球化浪潮中的人权保护事业,具有一定的启发意义。
When discussing the issue of human rights, the theoretical community always intentionally or unintentionally believes that human rights protection is mainly the responsibility of the state and the government. The human rights sticks that some contemporary Western countries have waved from time to time point to the sovereign countries that they have identified as “infringing upon human rights.” However, it is not only sovereign states or governments that may violate human rights. In December 2001, Prof. Steven R. Ratner of the University of Texas School of Law published a long article “Corporate and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility” in the Yale Law Journal. The possibility and reality of human rights violations by multinational corporations are elaborated in a comprehensive manner, which provides a new perspective for us to recognize contemporary human rights issues and is of inspiration for promoting human rights protection in the wave of economic globalization.