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功臣配享太庙大祭制度,是中国古代社会最高统治者对勋业、德行俱佳的大臣的一种肯定与褒奖。据现有资料来看,最迟在商代已经有了配享功臣的制度。《尚书·盘庚》记载了盘庚迁殷时对反对迁都的臣下说的一段话:“古我先王,暨乃祖乃父,胥及逸勤,予敢动用非罚?世选尔劳,予不掩尔善。兹予大享于先王,尔祖其从与享之。”~([1])这证明了商朝已经确立了功臣配享先王的制度。周朝也有功臣配享制度,《周礼·夏官·司勋》载:“凡有功者,铭书于王之太常,祭于大蒸,司勋诏之。”~([2])后代儒者多将“大烝”理解为类似袷祭的大合祭,
The meritorious service of sharing the imperial sacrifice system of the Imperial Highness Temple is a recognition and praise of the ministers who are superb in humor and virtue in the highest rulers of ancient Chinese society. According to available information, no later than in the Shang dynasty, there has been a system to share the heroism. “Shang Shu Pan Geng” records the discourse of Pangeng Qian Yin, who said to the minister who opposes the relocation of the capital: “The ancient king of my ancestors, Nai Zu is the father, Xu and Yi Qin, It does not make any difference to the kings of the kings, but to the great princes, the great princes, and their enjoyment. ”This shows that the Shang dynasty had established a system in which the kings and patriarchs were entitled to enjoy kings. Zhou Dynasty also has the hero to enjoy the system, “Zhou Xia official Xun Xun” contains: “Where the meritorious deeds, Ming Shu in the king too often, sacrificed in the big steamed, Secretary Xun of.” “([2]) Most Confucians interpret ”big people" as big sacrifices similar to sacrificial offerings,