本文以语言与城市规模之间的关系为切入口,尝试性地探讨了语言在其历时发展中形成的三个阶段:生存数量时代(先秦)、本地方言质量时代(秦代到清代)、官话霸权时代(近现代);并根据方言与标准语的不同关系将方言视为语言在不时段沉淀的活化石,分别以村子(含边远地区)、县镇、地市级以上城市作为代表,得出语言发展的历时性与地域性两条轴线。在理论分析的基础上,当语言的历时性与地域性两条轴线位移并形成比较时,产生了语言的城际效应,以形成对方言区差异一种解释。进而以清涧方言为例阐述其特点形成的的客观原因。 Taking the relationship between language and city size as the starting point, this article tentatively explores the three stages of language formation in its diachronic development: the age of existence (Pre-Qin), the quality of local dialects (Qin to Qing) The dialect is regarded as the living fossil whose language is precipitated from time to time according to the different relations between dialect and standard language. The fossils are represented by villages (including remote areas), county towns and cities above prefecture level, respectively Dialectic dialectic and regional development of the two axes. On the basis of theoretical analysis, when the diachronic and regional axes of language are displaced and compared, a linguistic inter-city effect is produced to form an explanation of the dialect differences. Then Qingjian dialect is used as an example to illustrate the objective reasons for its formation.