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冲断构造和正反转构造是我国西部叠合盆地中典型的构造样式,其构造物理模拟实验是研究和模拟自然界冲断构造(正反转构造)变形特征和动力学过程的一种有效的实验方法。在查阅大量相关资料的基础上,本文概述了物理模拟实验的发展历史,以及国内外在实验理论、实验技术和从二维到三维转变等方面的研究现状。目前,构造物理模拟实验已被广泛应用于构造地质学、石油构造地质学等众多研究领域,是油气勘探研究由定性描述跨入半定量一定量分析的有效途径之一。本文分别阐述了冲断构造和正反转构造在近年来取得的进展:1)在冲断构造物理模拟实验方面,介绍了双指向冲断构造和推覆体、地表作用对冲断构造的影响以及冲断构造中地层缩短量和应变等3方面的进展;2)在正反转构造物理模拟实验方面主要讲述了基底对反转构造演化型式的制约以及反转临界条件的三维构造模拟取得的进展。同时,认为物理模拟在未来的发展过程中应紧密结合数值模拟、高精度成像技术和数据采集技术等。作为研究构造变形机制的重要媒介,冲断构造物理模拟在塑性变形对冲断构造的影响、如何反映现代构造地质学成果以及模拟过程中如何加入化学物质迁移等问题方面仍存在不足。此外,高端实验室的建设和模拟技术也是构造物理模拟实验面临的一个问题。
The thrust structure and the inversion structure are typical structural styles in the western superimposed basin in China. The tectonic physical simulation experiment is an effective experiment to study and simulate the deformation and dynamic process of the thrust structure (forward-reverse rotation) in nature method. Based on a large amount of relevant information, this paper summarizes the development history of physical simulation experiments, as well as the domestic and international research status in experimental theory, experimental techniques and from two-dimensional to three-dimensional transformation. At present, the tectonic physical simulation experiments have been widely used in many fields such as tectonics geology and petroleum tectonic geology. It is one of the effective ways for oil and gas exploration research to enter semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis from qualitative description. In this paper, the progress of the thrust structure and the structure of the forward and reverse are respectively elaborated in recent years: 1) In the physical simulation experiment of thrust structure, we introduce the double-direction thrust structure and the nappe body, the influence of the surface effect on the thrust structure, 2) In the aspect of forward and reverse tectonic physical simulation experiments, we mainly describe the progress of the substrate control on the evolutionary inversion of inversion structure and the three-dimensional modeling of inversion critical conditions. At the same time, it is considered that physical simulation should be closely integrated with numerical simulation, high-precision imaging and data acquisition technologies in the future development. As an important medium for the study of tectonic deformation mechanism, there are still some shortcomings in the physical simulation of thrust structure, such as the impact of plastic deformation on the thrust structure, how to reflect the results of modern tectonic geology and how to add chemical substances during the simulation. In addition, the construction and simulation techniques of high-end laboratories are also a problem in the construction of physical simulation experiments.