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目的分析麻疹暴发流行病学特征及发生原因,指导麻疹防控工作,加速控制麻疹进程。方法对暴发和疫情资料进行流行病学分析,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体捕捉法监测麻疹IgM抗体。应用Excel软件进行统计处理。结果发病从2006年11月18日至2007年4月20日,持续148天,疫情波及全市8个旗、区,发病835例,罹患率55.13%。病例年龄最小8天、最大46岁,0~7岁占53.9%,小于8月龄、大于25岁占34.7%。病例中无麻疹疫苗(MV)接种史的占37.0%,接种史不详的占45.9%,查验首发病例所在学校83名学生预防接种证,接种过2计次MV者仅占3.6%,1计次的占81.9%,接种史不详的占13.2%。实施MV应急接种,疫情得到有效控制。结论MV接种率低,造成易感者积累,没有及时发现和上报疫情,是导致暴发的主要原因。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and its causes, to guide the prevention and control of measles and to speed up the control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of outbreak and epidemic situation data were carried out, and measles IgM antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Application of Excel software for statistical processing. Results The incidence was from November 18, 2006 to April 20, 2007, lasting 148 days. The outbreak spread to 8 banners and 835 cases in the city, with an attack rate of 55.13%. The case was the youngest 8 days, the largest 46 years old, 0 to 7 years old accounted for 53.9%, less than 8 months old, more than 25 years old accounted for 34.7%. Among the cases, 37.0% had no vaccination history of measles vaccine, 45.9% had unknown history of vaccination, 83 students had vaccination certificates at the school where the first case was found, and only 3.6% Accounted for 81.9%, unknown vaccination history accounted for 13.2%. The implementation of MV emergency vaccination, the outbreak has been effectively controlled. Conclusion MV vaccination rate is low, resulting in the accumulation of susceptible, did not find out and report the outbreak in time, is the main cause of the outbreak.