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儒学有没有基本观念、基本问题和基本方法?如果有,那它们是什么?这是儒学成为一门学科及其现代化的最基础性的问题。本文尝试对这些问题做个初步的梳理,以期抛砖引玉。本文认为全部的儒学尤其是宋明儒学,是建立在“天道之诚”和“性情之真”这两个基本观念之上,以“里面出来”和“外面入去”两种基本方法,围绕“心”与“理”的关系这个基本问题而展开的。凡是主张“心”与“理”一,是一件东西的,都坚持和发展了“里面出来”的学问方法;而主张“心”与“理”二,是两件东西的,都坚持和发展了“外面入去”的学问方法。儒学的历史,就是这两种立场、两种方法相互对立、相互影响、相互交融的历史。
Are there any basic concepts, basic questions and basic methods of Confucianism? If so, what are they? This is the most basic question that Confucianism has become a discipline and its modernization. This article attempts to make a preliminary review of these issues, with a view to initiate. This paper argues that all Confucianism, especially Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, is built on the two basic concepts of “Heaven’s honesty” and “true nature”, with “inside” and “outside” “Two kinds of basic methods, around the” heart “and” rationale “the relationship between the basic issues and expand. Those who advocate ”heart “ and ”rationale “ one, is one thing, all adhere to and develop ”inside “ learning method; and advocate ”heart “ and ”rationale “ two , Are two things, all adhere to and develop ”learning from outside " learning method. The history of Confucianism is the history of these two positions and the two methods that are mutually antagonistic and mutually influential.