19世纪末,经典物理学经历200多年的发展,形成了完整严密的理论体系,使得当时绝大多数物理学家都深信:物理学的大厦已经建立,基本原理已牢固确立,后辈的工作只是修饰性的,无非在已知规律的小数点后面多添加几位有效数字而已。然而,20世纪物理学的发展大大出乎人们的预料。1900年,普朗克提出了他的量子论假说;两年之后,法国物理学家彭加勒大胆宣告:经典物理学已经千疮百孔、摇摇欲坠;又过了三年,瑞士伯尔尼一名26岁的公司小职员爱因斯坦向全世界宣告,他找到了打开宇宙奥秘的钥匙……世界混乱了…… At the end of 19th century, classical physics experienced more than 200 years of development and formed a complete and rigorous theoretical system. At that time, most physicists at that time believed that the building of physics has been established, the basic principles have been firmly established, and the work of younger generations has only been modified , Nothing more than add a few significant digits behind the decimal point of the known law only. However, the development of physics in the 20th century is far beyond people's expectations. Planck put forward his quantum theory hypothesis in 1900; two years later, French physicist Pangarle boldly proclaimed that classical physics was so troublesome and crumbling; and after another three years, a Swiss scientist named Bern 26 Einstein, a year-old company clerk, declared to the world that he had found the key to opening the mysteries of the universe ... the world was in turmoil ...